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Future is Now《传承宝典》37——贷款机构是否会帮助企业渡过危机?
Future is Now《传承宝典》37——贷款机构是否会帮助企业渡过危机? 导读: Stonehage Fleming英国区家族办公室与咨询部总监Simon Boadle就疫情过后的贷款问题采访了Tatsu Partners创始人Mike Barnes。当人们渡过目前危机,企业重新启动,贷款方与借款方将会面临怎样的挑战?本文内容由雷梭勒家族办公室编译整理,版权归原作者所有。 Q1:现在很多国家的经济大幅衰退,您认为这会对借贷市场造成怎样的影响? MB:不论从规模、受众还是时长来看,此次影响史无前例,几乎波及到所有产业。但是,以我过去31年金融服务从业经历来看,从未遇到过银行停止放贷的情况。 Q2:尽管此次衰退的起因很特殊,但是是否能将此次事件与2008年金融危机相比呢? MB:2008年时,客户就想知道银行是否有过停发贷款的情况。答案显然是“没有”。银行只是更加严格筛选贷款流入的领域,更加谨慎地使用杠杆,足够优秀的公司仍然可以融资。今年的情况是,近年来的调整让贷款机构提供的投资组合结构更加合理。新冠疫情不是某个人的错,银行也清楚这一点,如果公司在疫情来临前表现良好,在渡过疫情难关后依旧会得到所需的支持。 Q3:现在还没有太多关于“资不抵债”的讨论,是因为时候未到吗? MB:有的公司在新冠疫情前就已经摇摇欲坠,而零售业、泛款待业、旅游业等行业的举步维艰则是受到疫情的影响。现在还不能判断哪些企业在疫情过后值得救助,哪些公司的贷款机构应该收取抵押。疫情之后,有的公司会很快恢复,而有的公司就需要花点时间了。恢复较慢的公司可能会面临不太稳定的金融债务情况,需要重构资产负债表进行优化调整。 Q4:简单快捷的政府支持性贷款是否对企业有所帮助? MB:政府已经推出了一系列支持性措施。新冠疫情导致商业中断贷款项目(CBILS)已经有效帮助了缺少现金流的企业。对于私募股权所有公司来说,最有效的方式是给予员工无薪休假,避免大规模失业情况的发生。 Q5:您观察到银行与非银行贷款机构的行为有何不同? MB:非银行机构往往是向私募公司提供短期/长期贷款,支持买卖公司。银行则是向公司提供经营资金、循环信贷、透支额度等。所有贷款机构都会面临挑战,银行的借款方更多,因此出现问题几率更大。银行确实在提供支持性贷款资金,但是主要是迫于政府压力,谁也不想看到公司倒闭的局面。 Q6:目前市场中借款方需要注意什么? MB:不要害怕金融契约。经济停滞后,很多公司担心收入下滑会影响履行金融契约,害怕违反契约后引发一系列违约、贷款机构有权收取抵押等问题。 但是,贷款机构往往不会这样做。当出现问题时,他们希望能够有权出席,一同探讨应对方案,而不是将违反契约视作“没收房屋钥匙”的权力。 Q7:银行与非银行贷款机构是否会向市场发行新债? MB:现在形势正在逐步缓和。银行目前还在忙着解决眼前的危机,但是已有迹象表明贷款资金已经准备好投向市场。此轮会有少许不同,贷款机构会更谨慎地评估信用,会采用多种敏感性分析,评估新的债务结构在3个月没有交易的情况下,是否还能维持下去。我们还在观望疫情对经济是否有更广泛的影响,这一阶段银行会提供低杠杆贷款。 Q8:2020年疫情之后,贷款机构市场格局会有怎样的变化? MB:贷款机构要做的事情还有很多,在国家边境封锁时期,贷款机构帮助企业渡过了难关,接下来就是帮助他们重振旗鼓。银行非常希望商业能尽快恢复,也始终在支持企业发展。只有在企业存活下来之后,银行和其他贷款机构才会考虑盈利的问题—这也符合贷款机构的价值观:帮助有持续发展能力的企业继续经营下去。 Original English Texts Will lenders support businesses through the crisis? Simon Boadle, Head of Family Office & Advisory UK at Stonehage Fleming spoke to Mike Barnes, founder of Tatsu Partners about dealing with debt during and post COVID. As we pass the immediate crisis and businesses start to reopen, what are the challenges that lie ahead for lenders and borrowers? SB: There has been a sharp economic downturn across many countries. How would you summarise the impact on borrowers and the debt market? MB: It has been completely unprecedented in terms of scale, reach and duration. It’s hard to think of any industry that has been untouched. That said, in my 31 years in financial services, I have never seen a situation before where banks have stopped lending. SB: Although different in its cause, can you draw comparisons to the global financial crisis of 2008? MB: In 2008, clients wanted to know if banks had stopped lending. The answer was categorically ‘no’. They became more selective about which sectors they lent to and more disciplined in their application of leverage multiples but good companies were still capable of raising money. This time, lenders’ portfolios are in better shape, because of the discipline that has been shown in recent years. Coronavirus is no one’s fault and banks have generally taken the view that if a company was performing well before the pandemic, they should be given the support they need to come out the other side. SB: There has been little talk of insolvencies - is it too early for that to have happened? MB: There are companies who were struggling before coronavirus. Then there are sectors struggling as a result of coronavirus such as retail, hospitality and travel. It is unclear what a business might be worth post lockdown and therefore what proceeds a lender would realise if they were to enforce security. Some companies will bounce back quickly and others will take longer to recover. Those slower recoveries could face an unsustainable stack of financial liability leading to a need for greater balance sheet restructuring. SB: Has the swift provision of government-backed loans made a significant difference to businesses? MB: The government has taken a lot of supportive action. The Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CBILS) has been particularly helpful for businesses in need of liquidity. For private equity owned companies, the most useful initiative has been the ability to furlough employees, avoiding widespread unemployment. SB: What differences in behaviour have you seen between bank and non-bank lenders? MB: The non-bank community principally provides term debt to private equity borrowers who are buying and selling companies. Banks provide the working capital, revolving credit facilities and overdrafts. While every debt provider has challenges, banks have a larger number of borrowers and therefore a greater weight of problems. Debt funds have been supportive, but the banks are under more government pressure to be supportive. Neither wants companies to fail. SB: What are the key messages for borrowers in the current market? MB: Don’t be afraid of financial covenants. When lockdown first began, many companies were worried about the impact a slowdown of earnings would have on their financial covenants. They feared a breach would trigger events of default and give lenders the right to enforce security. That, however, is not typically how lenders behave. They want the right to come to the table if there is a problem and talk about how to respond. They’re not using covenants breaches as a right to ‘take the keys’. SB: Is new debt available in the market from banks or non-bank lenders? MB: The situation is easing. Banks have been preoccupied with solving immediate crises but debt funds are showing signs of being ready to do new business. There will be some changes. Lenders will take longer to take credit decisions. They will undertake different sensitivity analysis, to evaluate whether a new debt structure would sustain a three-month trading hiatus. They will also offer lower leverage multiples while we wait to see the wider impact of coronavirus on the economy. SB: Looking beyond 2020, how will the landscape develop for lenders? MB: There is still a huge amount of work to do. Lenders have supported companies in getting through lockdown but the next phase is helping them reopen. The banks are keen to start doing business again and have been supportive to date. Banks and other lenders will only make money if companies survive – it is in their interest to give sustainable businesses the support they need to keep operating. 该文章转载自雷梭勒家族办公室,如有侵权,敬请告知删除。 Sooswiss为您提供 瑞士方向私人管家式的定制服务: 1)家族传承 2)财富管理 3)瑞士投资 4)居留计划 5)税务优化 6)家族治理 更多资讯请登录网站 www.sooswiss.com
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近期瑞士投资项目汇总
近期瑞士投资项目汇总 导读: 作为永久中立国,瑞士安全安定、法律健全、综合税率全球最低、国际化人才丰富。同时,瑞士金融业发达,融资便利且成本极低,贷款利率低至年化1%左右。因此,瑞士是一个颇受全球投资者青睐的国家。雷梭勒家族办公室是一家来自瑞士的专业家族办公室,不但拥有广泛、深入的瑞士各界人脉资源,同时也掌握一些市场上难以获得的瑞士稀缺投资项目。本期,我们将为您介绍几个瑞士优质投资项目,雷梭勒已获得这几个项目的瑞士独家授权,在中国寻找合适的投资人。 一、地标性五星级酒店 项目介绍:该酒店是瑞士法语区一家五星级豪华酒店,酒店物业由当地著名家族所持有和经营。该酒店原始建筑是当地超过百年历史的地标性建筑,经过改造重建后,成为了一家五星级酒店。酒店地理位置优越,位于市中心,拥有一线湖景。酒店建筑面积约6000平米,拥有标准客房和特色套房、餐厅、会议室、多功能厅、健身房和专用车位等。酒店客户目前以瑞士和欧洲公司客户为主,客房入住率在50%左右。酒店持有人希望通过引入中国投资人,进一步拓展来自中国和亚洲地区的公司以及个人(旅游)客户,提高酒店入住率,从而增加酒店的盈利。 项目卖点 1. 物业建面单价仅为当地同类物业的50%左右,增值空间巨大 2. 物业可灵活改造为服务式公寓、高档写字楼、高端养老/疗养场所等 3. 五星酒店品牌可引入中国,带来品牌收益 投资合作方式 1. 100%股权转让; 2. 现有酒店管理和运营团队可根据投资方策略予以保留或重组 二、 百年历史私立寄宿学校 项目介绍 该学校为瑞士法语区百余年历史的私立寄宿制学校,以其悠久的传统、优良的教育质量、对外部世界的开放态度和对求知欲的大力培养而闻名。学校为学生提供量身打造的个性化辅导,沉浸式的多语言(英、法、德、意)教学,以及丰富的户外体育活动。 项目卖点 1. 瑞士教育品牌美誉度高,瑞士私立学校是全球私立寄宿制学校皇冠上的明珠,与中国教育市场相结合,具有巨大的合作与开发潜力; 2. 学校得到当地政府和名流家族的鼎力支持,享受全方位的政府扶持 投资合作方式 1. 资本合作:中国投资者投资学校股份(最多49%),成为校董; 2. 品牌合作:到中国开办瑞士私立学校分校; 3. 项目合作:瑞士学校的短期冬/夏令营,以及3-12个月交换生合作项目 三、 超大型安全设备制造商 项目介绍 该制造商从事超大型安全设备的研发、设计、制造、销售和服务,其产品可用于机场、边检、陆上交通和物流管理等,帮助进行反恐、禁运以及打击偷渡和走私。该制造商拥有一只技术实力雄厚的、跨不同领域的研发队伍,已在瑞士和世界各国(包括中国)获得了不同类型交通工具安全技术的完全知识产权。同时,还得到了瑞士联邦出口风险保险机构(SERV)的全力扶持。该制造商在全球有超过30家代理,其产品已经在欧洲、亚洲、非洲完成或正在进行项目实施。 项目卖点 1. 填补国内超大型安全设备领域的空缺,抢先占领中国市场 2. 可将瑞士先进技术及管理经验引入中国 3. 公司有计划在未来3-5年内上市,升值空间巨大 投资合作方式 1. 股权转让:最高49% 2. 在成为瑞士公司股东之后: a) 以收取专利使用费的形式向中国制造型企业进行技术转让 b) 或者与中国企业成立合资公司,在中国进行设备的销售及生产 3. 与中国投资人合作开发一带一路沿线国家的安全设备市场 4. 结语 通过瑞士项目投资,不仅可以获得投资的盈利,还可以实现资本回报以外的其它诸多受益,包括:投资瑞士可实现中国企业的海外布局,加速全球化进程;在全球经济前景不明朗的情况下,瑞朗是最受欢迎的避险币种,通过投资瑞士,实现了资产的安全保值增值;利用投资瑞士,实现瑞士技术/品牌/管理经验与中国大市场的完美结合,实现市场运作(两个市场结合所带来的巨大市场空间)、资本运作(瑞士融资方式多样、便捷,融资成本低至年化利率1%)和品牌运作(借助瑞士制造,瑞士总部提升中国企业的品牌价值);可通过投资瑞士,申请瑞士长期居留证,实现全家移民瑞士,做好身份规划,坐享瑞士公民的医疗/教育福利,以及全球最优质的品质生活;通过瑞士专业家族办公室机构来进行家族信托的结构设计,把瑞士公司的股权装入家族信托,实现家族传承规划,以及基业长青、代代相传。 该文章转载自雷梭勒家族办公室,如有侵权,敬请告知删除。 Sooswiss为您提供 瑞士方向私人管家式的定制服务: 1)家族传承 2)财富管理 3)瑞士投资 4)居留计划 5)税务优化 6)家族治理 更多资讯请登录网站 www.sooswiss.com
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美国《外国公司担责法案》引发“中概股”重重忧虑
美国《外国公司担责法案》引发“中概股”重重忧虑 导读: 据财联社讯,当地时间5月20日,美国参议院一致通过了《外国公司担责法案》(Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act ),旨在要求特定证券发行人证明其不受外国政府拥有或控制。法案中一些会计审计方面的要求,例如美国要求检查上市公司的审计机构,或将会让在美上市的“中概股”公司面临两难境地,最糟糕的结果甚至是导致退市。该法案的发布,意味着只有符合美国审计要求的外国企业才能获准上市,短期内,中概股公司或将受到一定的负面影响,审计机构为应对监管压力、降低检查风险,可能从严审计,引发中概股公司更高的成本乃至风险。与此同时,短期赴美IPO企业数目预计将进一步下滑。 关于“中概股” 所谓的“中概股”,在美国证券交易委员会(SEC)和美国公众公司会计监督委员会(PCAOB)发布的声明中,是指总部位于中国或者在中国有大量业务的海外赴美上市公司(FPIs, Foreign Private Issuers)。一家典型的中概股公司画像是:公司总部注册于开曼群岛,公司主要资产和收益均位于或来自于中国,公司通过VIE架构控制这些资产和收益,并通过存托凭证(ADR,American Depository Receipts)形式在美国上市,受美国证券监管法律约束。 美国对“中概股”的监管规定 因上市地在美国,所以中概股公司在会计和信息披露合规上受SEC和PCAOB的监管,在首次公开发行时有义务在招股说明书中,如实披露全部财务信息并提示风险,并在后续交易过程中则负有持续信息披露义务。而所有参与美股上市公司审计工作的会计师事务所(无论是美国会计师事务所或外国会计师事务所)都必须向PCAOB注册登记,PCAOB可随时对这些会计师事务所进行检查,有权调查、处罚和制裁违反萨班斯法案、美国证券法规以及专业准则的会计师事务所和个人。概而言之,SEC和PCAOB一直以来要求对于所有在美国进行融资的企业,以及在美国证券市场提供服务的所有会计事务所,都要进行全面的监督。从具体操作来说,如果PCAOB(上市公司会计监督委员会)因证券发行人采用了不受委员会监管的外国公众会计师事务所而无法审计特定的报告,则证券发行人必须做出上述证明。更进一步的是,如果PCAOB连续三年无法审查发行人的会计师事务所,则该股票将被禁止在全美交易所交易。2019年9月30日,PCAOB在其官网上公布了一份拒绝检查的国别(地区)名单,披露共有241家外国上市公司拒绝接受PCAOB审计检查,其中137家来自中国大陆,93家来自中国香港,其余11家来自比利时。 美国对“中概股”监管规定与中国法规的冲突 但是对于中概股公司而言,如果要遵守该法案,就意味着需要接受PCAOB对会计底稿的审查,这一行为直接违反了中国证监会、国家保密局和国家档案局2009年制定的《关于加强在境外发行证券与上市相关保密和档案管理工作的规定》。在上述《保密规定》中,除了要求境外发行证券与上市过程中,提供相关证券服务的证券公司、证券服务机构在境内形成的工作底稿等档案应当存放在境内,还明确了境外发行证券与上市保密和档案管理工作涉及的跨境证券监管事宜,应通过中国证监会进行,现场检查应以中国监管机构为主进行,或者依赖中国监管机构的检查结果。同样,在今年生效的新《证券法》第一百七十七条也明确规定,境外证券监督管理机构不得在中华人民共和国境内直接进行调查取证等活动。未经国务院证券监督管理机构和国务院有关主管部门同意,任何单位和个人不得擅自向境外提供与证券业务活动有关的文件和资料。针对这种现状,今年4月份以来,美国证监会主席以及PCAOB的主席曾在不同场合发出警示,提醒投资者:由于PCAOB无法对在PCAOB注册的中国会计师事务所(包括香港的审计客户在中国有业务的情况下,也包括香港的审计客户)对美国报告公司的审计工作和审计事务进行检查,因此,在中国投资存在重大风险。不仅如此,一旦中概股公司被指控信息披露违规,通常难免会引发巨额民事赔偿集团诉讼,起诉的对象包括发行人、CEO、CFO、董事等。另一方面,中概股高管在美国法律下承担信息披露的保证责任,一旦进行虚假保证,高管个人甚至将可能面临最高达25年的监禁。 结语 避免遭遇上述风险的关键在于,企业家能够预先搭建一套较为完善的风险控制与合规体系。公司治理中风控机制的存在,能够使得法律风险处于可控范围之内。 企业也需要借助外部团队的经验与能力,对风险做出准确预判,并确保风险隔离机制的完美响应。有消息称,纳斯达克方面将对部分国家和地区公司的IPO规模设定最低门槛,这些都在慢慢改变着红筹架构公司赴美上市的选择。统计数据显示,绝大部分融资规模在2500万美元以下的IPO公司都是来自于中国,而一些体量不大同时无法在境内上市的企业也热衷去美国上市。进退之间,中概股和红筹架构的企业们又到了选择的十字路口,一场由境内外资本市场环境变化所带来的企业上市地选择变化正在悄悄上演。 该文章转载自雷梭勒家族办公室原创文章,如需转载,敬请注明出处。 Sooswiss为您提供 瑞士方向私人管家式的定制服务: 1)家族传承 2)财富管理 3)瑞士投资 4)居留计划 5)税务优化 6)家族治理 更多资讯请登录网站 www.sooswiss.com
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《传承宝典》36——通过提前规划,缓冲偶然事件造成的危机震荡
《传承宝典》36 通过提前规划,缓冲偶然事件造成的危机震荡 本文内容由雷梭勒家族办公室编译整理。原作者为Susie Hillier,担任Stonehage Fleming财富规划总监,拥有25年咨询经验,客户群体覆盖企业家、董事、私募领域等专业人士,与客户长期保持稳定联系,目前参与家族第三代继承人的咨询服务。 通过建立模型让客户更加看清未来 作为财富战略规划师,尽管本身不一定是悲观的人,但是职业要求我们假设生活注定不会一帆风顺。我们的职责是与客户讨论他们一生中的所有可能,无论是好事或者坏事,也不管是宏观市场或者个人生活中偶然事件。这就是我们的工作,为客户生活中一切偶然事件做好事先规划。为此,我们会通过一系列问题深度了解客户。如果您要结婚了,您期望的婚礼奢华程度如何?如果您有子女,您希望他们婚礼的奢华程度如何?如果您因病失去了工作能力,希望谁来接手您的财务工作?这种情况下您仍然希望住在家中吗?您如何看待不同程度的风险?您认为遗产传承有多重要?很多问题在我们提问前,客户自己从未想过。透过问题,我们为客户规划的效率更高,客户也能在突发情况下以平常心看待事物。在他们的答案的基础上,我们建立了现金流模型,运行“抗损能力测试”,向客户展示,以其目前的战略,如遇市场崩盘或其他突发事件时他们可能会如何应对。这样的好处之一就是客户可以拥有危机下的视角,虽然是模拟,但是这场危机给了他们真实的“画面感”,看清金融危机来临时会发生什么。 我们的模型可以显示市场衰退的严重程度、与以往危机的区别、以及追踪以往客户的投资组合多久才能恢复到市场衰退前的水平。模型中可以增设变量让场景更加具体、更有针对性,例如支出变量,客户由于失业或者彩票中奖后会对生活产生怎样的影响。当危机真的出现在现实中,我们的大部分客户都可以自如应对,市场衰退和经济下行确实会给他们造成损失,但是他们至少知道未来的大致走向。他们知道自己从经济危机中走出来时,依旧可以保有心底最珍贵的事物。可能多少还会有些安慰,毕竟在现实中的经历并不是模型展示中最糟糕的场景。正因如此,当新冠疫情占领各大头条版面时,我们的客户心态更加乐观。总的来看,我们的客户不但没有措手不及,反而细细盘算起了自己的计划。有的客户想利用市场下行带来的机遇开始着手投资,有的客户则明白投资有涨有跌,自己的资产是在安全的领域,只要坐稳渡过难关就好。 此次疫情也让决策机制覆盖到更广阔的领域,比如万一客户去世无法阐明自己的财富意愿,或者无法帮助自己的亲人渡过财务难关时,会发生什么。近期的边境封锁也使我们与客户的沟通更加常规化。在全球疫情的影响下,客户自然而然地意识到生活不会处处尽善尽美,需要为一切偶然事件提前做好规划。与客户一同发现生活中对他们最看重的事,为未来做好更周全的准备。 Original English Texts Planning for all eventualities can cushion you from the shock of a crisis – Susie Hillier. As Head of Wealth Planning of Stonehage Fleming, Susie brings over 25 years’ experience to a wide client base of entrepreneurs, Board Directors and private equity professionals. She has developed long-standing relationships with clients, in some instances now advising the third generation of family members. Modelling affords clients clearer visibility of what’s to come As wealth strategists it is our job to assume that life may not all be a bed of roses. That is not to say though that we are pessimists. We talk to our clients about all the things – good and bad – that could happen in their lifetimes, both in markets and in their personal lives. That is our job; we plan for all eventualities.To do this we need get to know our clients well by asking them a lot of questions. If you were to get married, how lavish would you want the reception to be? If you have children and they want to get married, how lavish would you want their wedding reception to be? Or, if you were incapacitated by illness who would you want to run your finances? Would you want to continue to live at home? How do you feel about different types of risk? How important is it to you to pass on a legacy to your beneficiaries? Indeed, many of the questions we ask people, they may not even have asked themselves. Not only does this approach help us to do our job effectively, it also helps our clients to take things in their stride a little better than most, when the unexpected happens. The answers to these questions help us do our cash flow modelling. We run a ‘capacity for loss’ test, which shows a client how they might ‘cope’ in the event of a market crash or other unplanned event, based on their current strategy. One important result is our clients have all looked down the barrel of a crisis – albeit a pretend one. It gives them real ‘visibility’ when it comes to a financial crunch.Our models show how bad a drop in the
market could be, compare it to others and track how long it has
previously taken a client’s portfolios to return to where it started.
You can add assumptions to add greater detail and tailor the scenario –
change expenditure requirements, understand the impact of a period out
of work or - more positively – of winning the lottery. When a real crisis strikes, most of our clients are comfortable that while a market crash or economic downturn could hurt them, at least they have some idea what the journey will look like. They also know that when they come out the other side, they will still be able to afford what is most important to them. They may also take comfort from seeing that they haven’t yet hit the worst case scenario we presented to them in the modelling.Because of this, when the outbreak of the Covid-19 hit the headlines, our clients were more sanguine than some. Rather than panicking, by and large, our clients considered their options. Some wanted to take advantage of the drop in markets and started investing. Others acknowledged that investments go up as well as down and, confident that their capital was in safe hands, decided to sit tight and ride out the storm.The crisis has also galvanised decision-making on wider topics, such as what would happen in the event that clients were no longer around to articulate their wishes for their wealth or help guide their loved ones on financial matters. The recent lockdowns have meant that we
have been in even more regular contact with our clients than usual. The
pandemic has inevitably put them more in touch with the idea that bad
things happen and the planning for all eventualities continues. Working
with clients to tease out what is really important to them helps ensure
that everyone is better prepared for the future. 该文章转载自雷梭勒家族办公室,如有侵权,敬请告知删除。 Sooswiss为您提供 瑞士方向私人管家式的定制服务: 1)家族传承 2)财富管理 3)瑞士投资 4)居留计划 5)税务优化 6)家族治理 更多资讯请登录网站 www.sooswiss.com