传承宝典:面向企业主和企业家的全面财富管理(下)
传承宝典|面向企业主和企业家的全面财富管理(下) 导读 担当家族的“财富管理人”,是家族办公室扮演的一个非常重要的角色。但是,对于那些打拼了几十年并成功建立起自己家族企业的企业家而言,要想使其认同财富管理人的投资理念、风险认知、以及在家族交接过程中的各种决策等绝非易事。这需要财富管理人拥有精湛的沟通能力和广博的知识面,并明确其作为顾问的责任。 本文内容由雷梭勒家族办公室根据Stonehage Fleming文章编译整理,版权归原作者所有。 尊重客户的观点,也要履行顾问与受托人的职责 未来的财富顾问对于客户的理解不可或缺,而同样重要的是,客户也需要理解,财富顾问的行动是受到一些条件的限制的:1. 上述一些情况以及资产组合,与财富管理人通常所推荐的相去甚远2. 财富顾问必须发表其观点、建议采取某项行动,并确保客户充分理解和接受采取不同行动所涉及的风险,这些是财富顾问的明确职责所在3. 财富顾问可能要对其他方负责,包括家族成员、受托人或受益人等 此类客户所需的财富顾问,应该既能提供最高水平的传统资产管理服务,同时也具备相应的能力、经验、洞察力和灵活性,从而能够建设性地处理现有专业领域的投资项目产品组合。他/她既要有挑战与质疑精神,同时也能够在保持客观和坦诚的情况下折中让步,顾及客户的想法。这样的财富顾问将能识别出家族对于交接过渡期的需求,并在交接过渡期内作为客户的左膀右臂,有效地采取行动。 他/她还要与家族下一代建立关系,并需要准备好,在家族下一代有意愿和能力继承家族直接投资的传统(至少对于家族财富的一部分进行直接投资)时,提供支持与建议,甚至是提出质疑。 财富顾问必须对结果全盘负责,并确保其责任被明确界定,从而能够在有需要的时候,在了解全局的情况下坚定地提出挑战与质疑。有一些财富顾问会认为这种关系很难处理,于是干脆推荐采用正式的“教科书式的”家族治理方式,由家族委员会制定决策。然而,这种方式会削弱企业家创始人的控制权。对于财富顾问而言,更为明智的是去认识到,大多数创始人都很难放权,因此,有时这一过程需要循序渐进。 解决之道在于找到一个折中平衡点,而对于决策制定的责任则需要详细记录在案,并对所有相关方透明,包括受托人和受益人。 结论 金融服务业通过出售为“典型客户”设计的商品化产品,从而实现自身的延展性与成本效益。财富管理人往往会更为灵活,但在大多数情况下,其业务还是采用的相对标准化的模式,以满足所选定的目标市场的需求。其不利面在于,这种模式往往不能简洁高效地达成一些特殊客户的要求,这类客户的事务往往较为复杂,他们的财富打造与积累往往是通过依靠自己的判断和决策实现的。 面向企业家和企业主的财富管理,需要的是这样一种模式:倾听每一位客户的心声,并提供真正的定制化服务,尤其是在处理与下一代的权责交接时,更是要做到如此。这就要求财富管理人具有精湛的技能、广博的知识面,并明确其作为顾问的职责。 财富顾问必须具备广泛的经验,才能够实现全资产基础范围内的增值,才能够做到挑战企业家,甚至在企业家自己的专业领域挑战他们。许多企业家具有精明强悍的个性,质疑他们的判断还需要一些勇气。 这个工作可不适合胆小的人! Original English Text Total Wealth Management for Business Owners and Entrepreneurs RESPECTING THE CLIENT PERSPECTIVE, WHILE DISCHARGING ADVISORY AND FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITIES Just as it is vital for the potential adviser to understand the client, it is equally important for the client to understand the constraints within which the adviser operates:1. The circumstances and portfolio of assets described above are far removed from anything that a typical wealth manager would normally recommend2. The adviser has a clear obligation to express his or her opinion, recommend a course of action, and ensure that the client fully understands and accepts the risks involved in taking a different course3. The adviser may have responsibilities to other parties including family members, trustees or beneficiaries This type of client needs an adviser who can provide conventional asset management of the highest quality, but also has the capability, experience, insight and flexibility to deal constructively with the existing portfolio of specialist investments. The adviser needs to be challenging, but able to compromise and to take account of client views, without undermining his objectivity and frankness. Such an adviser will recognise the need for a transition period, where he is effectively operating as co-pilot, alongside the client. He will also be building his relationship with the next generation and needs to be ready to support, advise and possibly challenge them, should they have both the will and the aptitude to continue the tradition of direct investment, at least for an element of their wealth. The adviser must be accountable for all outcomes and ensure that his responsibilities are clearly defined, so that he puts up a robust and well informed challenge when required. Some advisers will find this type of relationship very difficult to handle, and will immediately recommend formal ‘text book’ family governance with decision making by committees. However this dilutes the control of the founder entrepreneur, and it is often wiser to recognise that most founding entrepreneurs find it very difficult to let go of the reins, so it sometimes has to be a gradual process. The solution will lie in finding a balance, but decision making responsibilities need to be very carefully documented and transparent to all relevant parties, including trustees and beneficiaries. CONCLUSIONS The financial services industry builds scalability and cost efficiency by selling commoditised products, which are designed for ‘typical clients’. Wealth managers tend to be rather more flexible, but in most cases their business model relies on a relatively standardised approach which meets the needs of their chosen target market. The flip side is that such a model often cannot economically address the requirements of exceptional clients, whose affairs are particularly complex and who have built their wealth by backing their own judgment and making their own decisions. Wealth management for entrepreneurs and business owners demands a model that is based on listening to each client and delivering genuinely bespoke services, especially in managing the transition to the next generation. It requires significant skill, broadly based knowledge and well defined responsibilities. The adviser must have the breadth of experience to add value across the entire asset base and to challenge the entrepreneur, even within his or her own areas of expertise. Many entrepreneurs are strong personalities, and questioning their judgement can require courage. It is not a job for the faint hearted! 本文转载自雷梭勒家族办公室,如有侵权,敬请告知删除。 Sooswiss为您提供 瑞士方向私人管家式的定制服务: 1)家族传承 2)财富管理 3)瑞士投资 4)居留计划 5)税务优化 6)家族治理 更多资讯请登录网站 www.sooswiss.com
瑞士生活:3月1日纳沙泰尔州州庆节
瑞士生活|3月1日纳沙泰尔州州庆节 引言 纳沙泰尔州州庆节是瑞士的一个地区性公众假日,在每年的3月1日这一天,只有纳沙泰尔州会举办节日庆典。这一节日是为了纪念纳沙泰尔州在1848年3月1日加入瑞士联邦,不再受普鲁士管辖(普鲁士为16世纪至20世纪初的德意志帝国)。自1848年起,纳沙泰尔州每年都会庆祝该州的这一独立日。 瑞士的历史 在介绍纳沙泰尔的历史之前,让我们先来上一节简单的瑞士历史课吧。瑞士,或称赫尔维蒂联邦(Helvetic Confederation,瑞士的缩写CH就源于此),是由反对哈布斯堡王朝(今天的奥地利)的各州于1291年组成的,但直到1848年新宪法通过后,现在的国家才形成。当时,乌里(Uri)、施维茨(Schwyz)和下瓦尔登(Unterwalden)这三个位于山谷的共同体结成联盟,以更好地保护自己免受外国势力的攻击。在14和15世纪间,旧瑞士邦联发展成为一个由农村和城市公社组成的松散联盟网络。随后联邦以各种方式不断扩大,直到1815年,纳沙泰尔也成为了联邦的一部分。 赫尔维蒂联邦的发展历程如下 :1291年:乌里(Uri)、施维茨(Schwyz)和下瓦尔登(Unterwalden)是第一批结成联盟的州。 1332年至1353年:苏黎世(Zurich)、伯尔尼(Bern)、卢塞恩(Luzern)、格拉鲁斯(Glarus)、楚格(Zug)加入联盟,形成了旧邦联。 1481年:弗里堡(Fribourg)和索洛图恩(Solothurn)加入了旧邦联。 1513年:巴塞尔(Basel)、沙夫豪森(Schaffhausen)和阿彭策尔(Appenzell)加入。 1648年,瑞士正式脱离神圣罗马帝国的统治。 1803年至1815年间:圣加仑(St Gallen)、格劳宾登(Graubünden)、阿尔高(Aargau)、图尔高(Thurgau)、提契诺(Ticino)、沃州(Vaud)、瓦莱(Valais)、纳沙泰尔(Neuchâtel)和日内瓦(Geneva)这九个地区成为了瑞士的一部分。 1815年,欧洲列强在战胜拿破仑后,希望重新建立革命前的形态。于是,瑞士在1815年的《联邦条约》中,赋予了各州几乎全部的自治权。 同年,纳沙泰尔州奉行联邦条约,并加入了赫尔维蒂联邦。然而,1814-1815年欧洲各国之间举行的维也纳会议,将普鲁士国王认定为纳沙泰尔亲王,并将纳沙泰尔认定为瑞士的一个州,这种一州两属的情况头一次出现在了瑞士。这意味着纳沙泰尔并不完全独立,仍然处于普鲁士人的统治之下。 直到1848年,革命者在当地军队士兵弗里茨·库瓦西埃(Fritz Courvoisier)的领导下,从纳沙泰尔山区的一个小城市力洛克(Le Locle)出发,前往纳沙泰尔市,才最终赶走了普鲁士人。纳沙泰尔至此终于成为了一个完全独立的州,可以自由民主地选择其当局了。 纳沙泰尔州地图 因此,1848年3月1日作为历史上的 “纳沙泰尔独立日”被人们铭记,每年的3月1日,纳沙泰尔州都会举州欢庆这一传统节日。 从山区到纳沙泰尔 1848年2月,纳沙泰尔人民的精神觉醒了。1848年2月28日至29日的夜间,共和党人顶着严寒,在力洛克展示了瑞士的联邦旗帜。 当天晚上,纳沙泰尔山区的所有村庄都加入了这场变革运动。革命领袖弗里茨·库瓦西埃任军事指挥,在拉绍德封(La Chaux-de-Fonds,如今是纳沙泰尔州的第二大城市)集结武装了近三百名革命者。 1848年3月1日早上7点,共和党人开始在库瓦西埃的带领下向城堡行进。当时乡间的雪深达一米,行进很困难,库瓦西埃只能骑在马背上带领大家前进。在朝着纳沙泰尔南下的过程中,又有100人加入了他们。队伍在到达纳沙泰尔以北几公里处的瓦朗金(Valangin)时,夺取了两门大炮。没有什么能够阻挡他们。在1848年,这30公里的行军是非常艰难的,更别说是在雪天里顶着严寒穿越各种山路。 部分革命者在晚上7点左右占领了城堡。新政府于晚上9点到达,仅用24小时就建立了纳沙泰尔共和政体。3月2日,联邦委员承认了新政府,至此,纳沙泰尔完全成为了瑞士联邦的一部分。 为保留悠久的传统而行进 顾名思义,纳沙泰尔革命纪念游行是在每年的3月1日举行的。在这个只有纳沙泰尔州才有的节日里,当地居民会一大早就在力洛克村聚集,然后一起前往拉绍德封,接下来去阿尔卑斯之景山顶驿站(Relais de la Vue-des-Alpes),再到达瓦朗金,最后前往纳沙泰尔城堡(Château de Neuchâtel)。这条30公里的路线,与1848年打倒普鲁士人的革命军当年采用的路线是一模一样的。 在3月1日这一天,这场纪念纳沙泰尔革命的游行让来自各行各业的人们齐聚一堂。一路沿途会不断有人加入游行队伍,其中大部分是“纳沙泰尔人”("Neuchâtelois"),即生活在纳沙泰尔州的人,无论他们是否是本地人。人们参加这一游行的主要原因是,州庆节是该州独有的节日。不过,来自邻州的人甚至法国人也会时常参加这场节日的庆典。多年来,每一届的游行参与者数量都在增长。在1998年纳沙泰尔共和政体成立150周年庆典期间,游行者甚至超过了6000人。 游行活动流程 游行从力洛克开始。在活动正式开始之前的一个小时左右,第一批参与者就会到达力洛克的钟表博物馆前,接着人们会陆续到来,游行队伍逐渐形成。几乎所有的人都会穿得很暖和,因为在每年的这个时节,气温还很低,还有可能下雪。现场会提供一些茶点,每个人都可以喝一杯茶,品尝一片泰洛勒辫子面包(taillaule)——一种著名的纳沙泰尔黄油甜面包。还会有专门为此次活动设立的委员会的主席发表讲话。 接下来,为此次活动盛装打扮的 “13号炮组”的炮手们,会以一种非常特别的方式为一年一度的游行拉开帷幕。炮手们复现了1853年至1874年间官方炮手的传统,身着那个时代的炮手制服。他们会高声报出开炮之前的各阶段号令。接着,三响炮会燃起,其中的最后一响由委员会主席点燃。 三声炮响后,在9点整,游行就可以开始了。游行者们一边行进,一边交谈,他们时而谈起历年的游行活动,时而停下来拍照,或拿起事先准备好的水瓶喝水...... 路线沿着森林、田野和主干道展开,第一阶段的终点是拉绍德封的市政厅广场。 在拉绍德封的市政厅广场,来自拉绍德封市周边地区的200至300名游行者会加入力洛克的游行者队伍。队伍的组成变得更加多样化,有更多的儿童以及行动不便的人也会加入进来。广场上有移动卫生间、热茶摊位,还有为活动设立的传统 “泰洛勒辫子面包”小铺。委员会主席会在此处欢迎新加入的游行者,并宣布下一个茶点站的位置。主席会指出,有一辆大巴车可供疲惫者和晚到的人乘坐,在纳沙泰尔城堡的集合时间定在下午4点30分。 接着,参与者们会等待炮声信号,然后再次出发。这段路程是上坡方向,有几公里。行走一个多小时之后,就到达了第三程的起点,即阿尔卑斯之景山顶驿站(Relais de la Vue-des-Alpes)。正如驿站的名称所示,这里能看到瑞士中部伯尔尼阿尔卑斯山的迷人全景。茶点同样是提供咖啡和茶,有时还有汤。 阿尔卑斯之景(Vue-des-Alpes)山顶驿站的景色 此后就全部是下坡路了,直到下一站马尔维利耶(Malvilliers),游行者可以在那里享受热饮,然后南下进入纳沙泰尔市。 3月1日当天的纳沙泰尔城堡 路线的终点设在纳沙泰尔城堡的庭院里。随着游行者的涌入,庭院也逐渐拥挤起来。车载着 “13号炮组 ”到达旅程终点,炮声再次响起。最后,每个人都会喝上一杯荣誉酒,在一片觥筹交错中,州庆节的庆典活动圆满结束。 The Independence Day of Canton Neuchâtel Introduction Neuchâtel’s Republic Day is a Swiss regional public holiday celebrated on March 1st each year in this canton only. This holiday marks the date when, in 1848, Neuchâtel became a republic within the Swiss Confederation. Prior to this, the canton of Neuchâtel was under Prussian rule, a prominent German state from the 16th century to the beginning of the 20th century. This independence day has been celebrated every year since 1848. The History of Switzerland Before introducing the history of Neuchâtel, here is a short history class of the country. Switzerland – or Helvetic Confederation, from which the abbreviation CH for Switzerland derives – was formed in 1291 by an alliance of cantons against the Habsburg dynasty, (today’s Austria) though only in 1848, when a new constitution was adopted, was the present nation formed. At that time, the three valley communities of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden formed an alliance to better defend themselves against any attacks by foreign powers. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Old Swiss Confederacy developed as a loose network of alliances of rural and urban communes. The Confederacys process of expansion unfolded in various ways until 1815 when Neuchâtel itself became part of the confederation. In 1291: Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden were the first original cantons to form an alliance. From 1332 to 1353: Zurich, Bern, Luzern, Glarus, Zug joined the alliance and formed the Old Confederacy. In 1481: Fribourg and Solothurn joined the Old Confederacy By 1513: Basel, Schaffhausen and Appenzell had signed on. In 1648 Switzerland was formally released from the Holy Roman Empire. Between 1803 and 1815: St Gallen, Graubünden, Aargau, Thurgau, Ticino, Vaud, Valais, Neuchâtel and Geneva, nine more territories became part of Switzerland In 1815 after their victory over Napoleon, the European powers wanted to re-establish pre-revolutionary conditions. This occurred in Switzerland with the Federal Treaty of 1815, which granted the cantons almost full powers to govern themselves. That same year, the canton of Neuchâtel adhered the federal pact, and joined the Helvetic Confederation. However, the Congress of Vienna confirmed the King of Prussia as Prince of Neuchâtel and Neuchâtel as a Swiss canton, a hybrid situation that was unique in Switzerland. This meant that Neuchâtel was not fully independent and still under the ruling of the Prussians. It was not until 1848 that the revolutionaries, led by Fritz Courvoisier who was a local soldier in the army, set out from Le Locle, a small city in the Neuchâtel mountains, and descended towards the city of Neuchâtel to definitively drive out the Prussians. Neuchâtel finally became a fully independent canton, free to choose its authorities democratically. 1 Map of Canton of Neuchâtel Thus, March 1, 1848 remains the date that history will remember as the "Neuchâtel Independence Day", a traditional holiday celebrated throughout the canton of Neuchâtel. From the Mountains to Neuchâtel In February 1848, the spirits of the people of Neuchâtel awoke. In spite of the cold, the republicans displayed the federal flag of Switzerland in Le Locle during the night of February 28-29, 1848. Map of the marches to Neuchâtel That evening, all the villages in the mountains of Neuchâtel joined the movement. Fritz Courvoisier, the leader of the revolution, took military command and the men gathered in arms in La Chaux-de-Fonds. That night, 200 to 300 revolutionaries in La Chaux-de-Fonds accompanied them. At 7 am on March 1, 1848, the republicans began marching toward the castle, accompanied by Courvoisier. Because of the snow, up to one meter in the countryside, the progression was difficult. He led the march on horseback. As they started the descent towards the Neuchâtel, additional 100 men joined them. When they arrived in Valangin, a few kilometer befo...