快乐学校，快乐孩子，快乐父母——瑞士公立学校家长会初体验
快乐学校，快乐孩子，快乐父母——瑞士公立学校家长会初体验 导读： 如果您经常关注我们的公众号，您对于瑞士私立基础教育一定不会陌生。但是，瑞士的公立基础教育又是什么样子的呢？对于初到瑞士定居、不会讲当地语言的外国小朋友们，学校又是怎样帮助他们适应并融入学校生活的呢？ 本期，我们将通过雷梭勒瑞士办公室人员亲身参加的一场瑞士公立小学5岁学生的家长会，为您揭开瑞士公立基础教育的神秘面纱。 瑞士公立教育体系 从未来的总统到诺贝尔奖得主，许多著名人物，如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦等都在瑞士上过学。然而，除了优秀的文法学校和大学之外，瑞士的教育体系还包括数百个极负盛誉的专业的高等教育课程。对于外国人和跨境通勤者来说，了解这些具体细节是非常重要的——例如，“双轨制教育体系”是什么意思？ 在大多数州，孩子满四岁后必须上学。孩子将会在生日过后的8月份入学（当年或次年），届时孩子们将在4至5岁之间。瑞士的义务教育通常持续11年。在大多数州，义务教育包括两年的幼儿园教育，然后是共九年的小学及初中教育。瑞士的义务教育通常包括：- 小学（包括幼儿园）学习八年。孩子们离开小学时是12或13岁。- 初中学习三年，直到15或16岁。 义务教育阶段结束后，学生可以选择进入综合教育学校（普通高中或者专业学校）或者职业教育和培训学校（VET）进行学习，这就是所谓的“双轨制教育”。 综合教育学校的毕业生将来可以进入州立/联邦大学、应用科技大学或师范大学以及高等职业院校（PET），继续接受高等教育。而职业教育和培训学校的毕业生，在毕业后将可获得联邦VET文凭或证书，使其可以从事相关职业或继续接受高等职业教育。 如果是走了普通高中这条途径，学生在通过各项考试后将会取得高中毕业证书，即Matura。拥有瑞士高中文凭（Swiss Matura）的毕业生可以免试进入所有州立大学以及苏黎世和洛桑的两所联邦理工学院（ETH和EPFL）。 在瑞士，绝大多数儿童和青少年（超过95%）都在公立学校就读，瑞士公立学校不收学费。 在瑞士公立学校，授课语言取决于各地区的官方语言。在瑞士的不同地区，瑞士学童会接受德语、法语、意大利语甚至是罗曼什语教学。外语在瑞士教育体系中非常重要。大多数孩子和年轻人会学习英语和至少一种第二民族语言。 五岁孩子的家长会 1 会议气氛 家长们一到教室，老师就让他们融入了孩子们日常的课堂氛围。首先，家长们要在座位上找到自己孩子的画，这是他们孩子的自画像，而图片的一半被遮住了。然后，家长们必须在家长会期间为他们的孩子完成这幅画作，第二天这些自画像将会交给他们的孩子。通过这个小活动，让家长们切实体验到了孩子在学校里的氛围。 2 每日课表说明 老师在自我介绍后，解释了每天的课程安排以及她在5岁孩子的课堂上所采用的教学方法。例如，孩子们来到教室的第一件事就是要排队洗手。 在字母书写课上，老师会告诉孩子们，当他们的笔往不同的方向写时，要发出不同的声音。这是她激励孩子们学习书写的一种方法。 3 学校整个学期的课程说明 本学期会有一些活动，例如秋季森林远足、参观圣诞市场、冬季滑雪课等。 有任何类型的活动安排，学校都会提前通知家长。 另外，有时候课堂上还会有一些帮手，他们不是学校的正式教师。其中一些是专业的教育工作者，能够针对特殊情况向老师提出建议；还有一些是瑞士政府派来帮助学校的志愿者，也是为了让孩子们稍微适应一下社交生活。老师想让家长们放心，如果孩子在家中提到任何他们从未听说过的名字，可能就是外来的帮手。 教室里有一个角落，孩子们可以在那里玩过家家游戏，根据老师的经验，这个游戏总能让孩子们安静下来。如果他们难以立即打开话匣子与人交流时，他们也可以在这个角落里玩一会，好拥有自己的私人空间和时间。 4 学校与家长之间的沟通 学校和家庭之间的沟通对孩子的教育非常重要。如果孩子有任何过敏症的话，老师要求家长要与之沟通。因为有时在某个孩子过生日时，家长可能会带一些食物或小甜点在班上分享，所以最好能了解到孩子们的过敏情况。此外，老师还需要了解孩子的家庭背景，如文化或宗教等。在校期间孩子们可能会参加某些活动，为此，老师会和孩子们一起为即将到来的活动或节日做准备，例如，老师会花两周时间和孩子们一起动手为万圣节做一些准备和布置。如果一些家长不愿意他们的孩子参加这些活动，应该让老师知道，这样她可以在课堂上为那个孩子安排一些其他活动。 5 照片展示 老师准备了一些照片，向家长展示了他们孩子的学校生活。她承诺，所有的照片将仅供学校内部留存使用，不会在社交媒体上发布。 老师还向家长们介绍了她在课上所用的、以及她推荐的书籍和游戏，每个孩子可轮流把这些书籍和游戏从学校带回家。家长们需要确保，一旦家中收到装在红色袋子里的书，则应在两周之内把书归还学校。 结语：快乐的孩子在瑞士从小就学会了沟通的能力 家长们可以随意询问关于他们孩子和学校课程的任何问题。在瑞士，学会沟通总是非常受欢迎的。公立学校鼓励孩子们从小学习沟通。即使是对那些刚开始不会说法语的外国孩子，老师们也不会让他们保持沉默，而是非常有耐心地鼓励孩子们开口。在课上任何时候，孩子们只需重复老师所说的话，或者举手示意他们听不懂指令即可。 老师不会给孩子布置太多的家庭作业，而是鼓励家长尽可能多地与孩子一起做各种活动，听孩子讲学校的故事，和孩子一起根据日历制定一些计划等等，目的是要让孩子感到与父母交流的乐趣。 快乐学校，快乐孩子，快乐父母——这就是我们在瑞士公立学校的初体验！ Happy school, happy kids, happy parents-The first experience in Swiss public school after a parents’ meeting The overview of the Swiss public education system From future presidents to Nobel laureates, many famous personalities such as Albert Einstein attended school in Switzerland. However, in addition to outstanding grammar schools and universities, the Swiss education system also includes higher education programmes in hundreds of professions that enjoy an excellent reputation. For foreigners and cross-border commuters, it is important to understand the specifics – for example, what is meant by the term “dual education system”? In most cantons, school attendance is compulsory after a child’s fourth birthday. School starts the following August when the children are between four and five years old. Compulsory schooling in Switzerland normally lasts for 11 years. In most cantons, this includes two years of kindergarten, followed by a total of nine years of primary school and lower secondary school. Compulsory schooling in Switzerland usually comprises:- Eight years spent at primary school (including nursery school). The children are aged 12 or 13 when they leave primary school. - This is followed by three years at a lower secondary school until the age of 15 or 16. Upon finishing their compulsory schooling, the student can choose to enter a general education school (a Baccalaureate school or an upper secondary specialized school) or a Vocational Education and Training (VET) school. This is the so-called “dual education system”. For graduates from a general education school, they can enter cantonal or federal universities, universities of applied sciences, or a Professional Education and Training (PET) college. Students graduated from a VET school will get a federal VET diploma or a federal VET certificate that will enable them to work and continue further education. For those who take the path of a Baccalaureate school, they will receive a secondary school-leaving certificate known as the Matura upon graduation. The Swiss Matura gives graduates virtually free access to all cantonal universities and the two federal institutes of technology in Zurich and Lausanne (ETH and EPFL). The overwhelming majority of children and youngsters in Switzerland attend public schools – over 95 per cent! Swiss public schools do not charge fees. In Swiss public schools, the language of tuition depends on the official language of the respective regions. In different parts of the country, Swiss schoolchildren are taught in German, French, Italian and even Romansh. Foreign languages are highly valued in the Swiss education system. Most children and young people learn English and at least a second national language. The parents’ meeting for a child of 5 years old 1. The atmosphere of the meeting The teacher made the parents get into the daily class atmosphere of their children as soon as they arrived in the classroom. First the parents had to find their children’s drawing on the seats, which is the self-portrait of their children with half of their photos covered. Then the parents had to complete the drawing for their children during the meeting time, which will be given back to their children on the next day. This causes the parents to experience the same atmosphere as their children in the school. 2. Explanation of the daily class schedule After presenting herself, the teacher explained what the daily class schedule is as well as the teaching method that she employs in the class of the children of 5 years old. For example, the first thing that the children do when their arrival in the classroom, they need to line up to wash their hands. During the alphabet letters writing class, the teacher tells the children to make different noise when their pens go into different direction. This is her way to help children to be motivated to learn writing. 3. Explanation of the program of the school for the whole term There would be some events happen during the term, for example an autumn hiking in the forest, visit the Christmas market, skiing classes in wintertime, etc.. The school will always inform the parents in advance for any kind of event. There would be some helpers join the classes, who are not the official teachers in the school. Some of them are professional educators coming to give some advice to the teacher for the special cases. Some of them are volunteers sent by the Swiss government to help the school, also for the sake of the children to get a little bit used to the social life. The teacher wanted to reassure the parents if their children mention any names at home that the parents never heard before, that can be the helpers from outside. There is a corner in the classroom where the children can play the house game, which always makes the children calm down according to the teacher’s experience. In this corner they can also spend some personal time when they have difficulties to open up to communicate immediately. 4. The communication between the school and the parents The communication between the school and the family is important for the education of the children. The teacher asked the parents to communicate with her about their children’s allergies if they have any. Sometimes, for the reason of the chi...
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