发布时间：2023-08-01
8.1｜瑞士的第732个国庆节，瑞士人怎么过？
如果历史学家没有弄错的话，瑞士联邦的成立日期是1291年的8月1日，这是一个非常久远的日子。
自1891年以来，8月1日一直是瑞士的银行假日（banking holidays）。这是为了纪念在1291年，瑞士三个德语州——乌里州、施维茨州和上瓦尔登州——结成了历史性联盟。这一联盟在随后的500年构成了今天瑞士的基础。
这三个州的人们“于1291年8月初”相互宣誓，承诺永远效忠、相互帮助和施以援助。结盟的主要目的是对抗哈布斯堡家族的帝国，因为哈布斯堡家族当时正努力加强其在通往哥达山口的战略要地的地位，而哥达山口今天仍是意大利和瑞士之间的重要转接点。
按照传统，每个社区、村庄或城镇都会为当地居民举办八一庆祝活动。活动内容包括当局讲话、儿童游戏，还会有社区赞助的饮料和食物（可以品尝到大量的瑞士葡萄酒和瑞士奶酪！），许多社区还会在夜间放烟花。瑞士首都伯尔尼的联邦电视台会转播瑞士联邦主席的讲话。社区庆祝活动有政界或文化界的知名人士发表讲话，通常还有音乐会或大合唱、体操表演和社区成员共唱国歌。
几个世纪以来，像瓦莱这样崎岖多岩的州一直在举办一种壮观而浩大的传统庆祝活动：农民们在山上和其他高地燃起巨大的篝火，以纪念十四世纪驱逐外国法警的事件。晚上，孩子们会提着点燃的纸灯笼在村里的街上漫步。公共和私人建筑上都会挂上国旗、州旗和社区旗，面包师们也会在特制的面包卷上插上瑞士小国旗。
另一个特别的庆祝活动在沙夫豪森（Schaffhausen）附近的莱茵瀑布举行（距苏黎世约45分钟车程）。从十九世纪中叶开始，每逢特殊场合，瀑布都会亮灯。自1920年起，每年的8月1日都会定期举行灯会。同一天，绚丽的烟花表演也吸引着众多观众来到这个特别的地方。
作为一个农耕国度，瑞士还有另一项丰富多彩、乐趣非凡，且适合全家参与的户外传统活动“BuurZmorge”，即 8 月 1 日的 “农民早午餐”。过去 30 年来，瑞士全国各地约 300 名农场主和他们的家人每年都会开放自己的农场，让客人品尝美味佳肴，观赏农场动物。这一传统的初衷是，农民们希望展示自己美丽的乡村农场，同时通过自助早午餐的形式，用当地的新鲜食物庆祝瑞士国庆日。在品尝了农家的 rüsti（马铃薯煎饼）、rüierei（炒鸡蛋）和 späck（熏肉）之后（这些食物都做得非常美味可口，分量也很足），人们可回到巨大的自助餐厅，品尝农家的新鲜水果和蔬菜、酸奶、桦树麦片和胡萝卜或西葫芦湿蛋糕。当然还少不了美味的瑞士奶酪！
最后，在卢塞恩湖畔乌里州的“吕特里草地（Rütli Meadow）”会举行一场具有代表性且盛大的传统庆祝活动。庆祝活动就在传说中1291年三个州宣誓结盟的地方举行。
在世界各地欢度瑞士国庆节
瑞士人向来热衷于旅游，一个世纪以来，许多瑞士家庭移居到了其他国家，并在其他大洲定居下来，但他们始终保留着自己的传统和一年一度的节日，尤其是八一国庆节。
美国：直到2013年，美国最大的瑞士国庆节活动一直由纽约瑞士慈善协会组织和举办。活动通常在曼哈顿举行，吸引着来自纽约、新泽西、康涅狄格和宾夕法尼亚州的数千名瑞士人、瑞士裔美国人和瑞士友人参加。
2014年活动的口号是“回归本源（Back to the roots）”，自那时起，活动的形式就发生了变化。这是又一场盛大的家庭活动，人们可以品尝到瑞士香肠、 拉科莱特干酪（Raclette）、瑞士葡萄酒等各种美食，现场还有乐队、DJ和儿童乐园。自2014年以来，该活动一直由纽约瑞士协会、纽约瑞士慈善协会和瑞士驻纽约总领事馆主办。多年来，雷梭勒家族办公室顾问之一Raymond Loretan先生作为前瑞士驻纽约大使一直是活动的主办者。
哥伦比亚特区华盛顿的瑞士俱乐部（Swiss Club of Washington, D.C.）、瑞士大使馆（Swiss Embassy）、加利福尼亚州蒙特雷县的瑞士步枪俱乐部（Swiss Rifle Club）、旧金山湾区的纽瓦克瑞士公园（Newark Swiss Park）以及洛杉矶郊区的惠蒂尔瑞士公园（Whittier Swiss Park）也会举行庆祝活动。瑞士公园的庆祝活动包括瑞士文化活动和游戏，其中包括弩箭比赛。
在英国，这一天也是约克郡日。由瑞士面包师于1919年创立的哈罗盖特的贝蒂斯和泰勒咖啡馆（Bettys and Taylors of Harrogate），会在约克郡的6家咖啡馆庆祝这两个节日。英国各地的瑞士协会通常会在8月1日之前的两个星期六举行全国庆祝活动，以便让居住在英国的瑞士家庭有机会在漫长的八月暑假到来之前参加。在伦敦，瑞士国庆节在里士满（Richmond）举行，由伦敦瑞士国庆日委员会（Swiss National Day London Committee）主办，该委员会是一个独立的志愿者团体，并得到了瑞士驻伦敦大使馆（Swiss Embassy London）、瑞士俱乐部新赫尔维蒂协会（Swiss clubs New Helvetic Society）和提契诺联盟（Unione Ticinese）的支持。
加拿大：魁北克萨顿山（Mont Sutton Quebec）会举办瑞士境外规模最大的瑞士国庆庆典活动。每年的庆典活动都以一个州为主题，并有该州的食品和特产。
中国：香港每年都会举办瑞士国庆日庆祝活动，不仅让居住在香港地区的瑞士人团聚，还让许多曾去过瑞士、喜欢瑞士及其传统的瑞士迷们欢聚一堂。瑞士驻北京大使馆和瑞士领事馆也会邀请瑞士人和当地客人品尝瑞士葡萄酒，共享一年一度的庆祝活动。
如果您在瑞士或正在前往瑞士，想了解庆祝八一国庆节有哪些方式和好去处，请告诉我们，我们将很乐意为您提供建议！
Original English Text
1st August – Swiss National Day!
Let’s celebrate!
If historians are correct, the founding date of the Swiss Confederation fell on 1 August in the year 1291, a very long time ago.
Since 1891, the first of August has been celebrated as the Swiss bank holidays. The date refers to a historic alliance that the three German-speaking Swiss cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden made in 1291. This alliance was to form the basis for today's Switzerland over the following 500 years.
Men from these three cantons "at the beginning of the month of August 1291" swore eternal allegiance to one another, promising mutual help and assistance. The alliance was mainly formed against the empire of the Habsburg family, who were striving to strengthen their position in the strategic region leading to the Gotthard Pass at the time – and still today’s key transition point between Italy and Switzerland.
Traditionally, each community, village or town is celebrating the 1st of August by organizing an event for the inhabitants – kids and adults! There are speeches by the authorities, games for children, drinks and food (a lot of Swiss wine and Swiss cheese!!) sponsored by the community and in many communities a firework display later in the evening. The Confederation in Switzerland’s capital Bern is televising a speech of the President of the Swiss Confederation. Speakers in communal celebrations comprise prominent public figure from political or cultural life, often accompanied by a concert or choir, gymnastic presentations, and the community singing the national anthem.
A beautiful and most impressive tradition is celebrated since centuries in mountainous cantons such as Valais: farmers install huge bonfires, mainly up the hills and other elevated spots, commemorate the expulsion of foreign bailiffs in the fourteenth century, the news of which were spread in this manner in those days. Children carrying lighted paper lanterns roam the village streets at night. Public and private buildings are decorated with national, cantonal, and community flags, and the bakers produce special bread rolls with a small Swiss flag on top.
Another special kind of celebration takes place at the Rhine Falls near Schaffhausen (about 45 minutes’ drive from Zurich). From mid-nineteenth century onwards, the waterfall has been illuminated on special occasions. Since 1920, it has been illuminated regularly on August 1. On the same day, a magnificent fireworks display also attracts a lot of spectators to this special site.
Switzerland, being the land of farmers, there is also another colourful outdoor tradition in Switzerland which really is fun for all the family. It is called the “BuurZmorge”, or the 1st August “Farmer’s Brunch”! Every year for the past 30 years, around 300 farmer’s and their families from all over the country have opened their local farms to guests to try their delicious food and see the farm animals. This tradition first started because farmers wanted to showcase their beautiful farms in the countryside whilst also celebrating the Swiss National day with local, fresh food in a buffet-style brunch. After tucking into farmer’s rüsti (rösti), rüierei (scrambled eggs) and späck (speck/bacon) – which are all deliciously and feshly prepared and very generously portioned – one returns to the enormous buffet for farm fresh fruit and veggies, yoghurt, bircher muesli and moist carrot or courgette cake. And of course always with some delicious Swiss cheese!
Finally, a representative and impressive traditional celebration is staged at the “Rütli Meadow” in the canton of Uri above Lake Lucerne. It takes place in the same place where the legendary pledge of alliance was pronounced in 1291.
Celebration of the Swiss National Day around the world
The Swiss have always been keen travellers, and over the course of the century many Swiss families moved to other countries and settled on other continents. But they always kept their traditions and annual festivals, especially the first of August.
USA: Until 2013, the largest Swiss National Day event in the USA was organized and held annually by the Swiss Benevolent Society of New York. Usually held in Manhattan, the event draws thousands of Swiss, Swiss-Americans and Friends of Switzerland from around New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Pennsylvania.
Since 2014, the event format has changed with the motto “Back to the roots”. It is a great family event again where one can enjoy everything ranging from Swiss sausages to Raclette, Swiss wine, bands, a DJ and kids' corner. Since 2014, the event has been organized by the Swiss Society of New York, the Swiss Benevolent Society of New York and the Consulate General of Switzerland in New York. Over many years one of La Soleille Family Office advisors, Mr. Raymond Loretan, was one of the organizers as the Swiss Ambassador based in New York.
Celebrations are also held in Washington, District of Columbia by the Swiss Club of Washington, D.C., on the Swiss Embassy grounds, in Monterey County, California at the Swiss Rifle Club, at the Newark Swiss Park in the San Francisco Bay Area and in the Los Angeles suburb of Whittier in Swiss Park. The Swiss Park celebration features Swiss cultural events and games, including a crossbow competition.[citation needed]
In Britain it is also Yorkshire Day, celebrating the county of Yorkshire. Bettys and Taylors of Harrogate, founded in 1919 by a Swiss baker, celebrate both of these days in its 6 cafe-tearooms across Yorkshire. For the National celebration, Swiss societies across the UK celebrate typically two Saturdays before the actual 1 August date to allow an opportunity for Swiss families based in the UK to attend prior to the long August summer break. In London Swiss National Day is held in Richmond, organised by the Swiss National Day London Committee, an independent group of volunteers, with the support of the Swiss Embassy London and Swiss clubs New Helvetic Society and Unione Ticinese.
Canada: Mont Sutton Quebec hosts one of the largest Swiss National Day celebrations outside Switzerland. Each year, it features one canton, with food and products from that canton.
China: every year there is a Swiss National Day celebration in Hong Kong, reuniting Swiss people living in the region but also many Switzerland fans who may have visited and enjoyed Switzerland and its traditions in the past. However, also the Swiss Embassy in Beijing as well as Swiss Consulates are inviting Swiss people and local guests to share the annual celebration with a glass of Swiss wine.
If you are in Switzerland or travelling to Switzerland and would like to know how and where best to celebrate the national holiday on 1 August, let us know and we will be happy to provide you with ideas and addresses!
本文转载自瑞士雷梭勒家族办公室，如有侵权，敬请告知删除。
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