发布时间：2021-06-23
安永欧洲吸引力调查：疫情期间瑞士外来投资不降反增
安永公司是全球保险、税务、交易和咨询服务业的领导者。2021年月6日7日，安永瑞士网站上发表了一篇关于“安永欧洲吸引力调查”的新闻稿，对于欧洲投资、瑞士投资的现状进行了分析，总结为如下三条：
本文由雷梭勒根据安永公司网站新闻稿编译整理，版权归属安永公司，如有侵权，敬请告知删除。
欧洲、瑞士投资现状
在2020年，全欧洲总共有5578个正式宣布的外资投资项目，这个数字比2019年减少了13%。即使在金融危机后的2009年，也没有这样大幅度的下降。由于2019年新冠疫情的状况，公共和经济活动受很大的限制，然而，这个数字比之前预计的下降幅度还是好了许多。
一些中等大小的经济体，比如波兰、土耳其和奥地利，在2020年甚至吸引了比2019年更多的投资项目。在瑞士，外资投资也是如此：在2020年时，瑞士的投资项目数量增加了25%，总共有91个项目，达到了2011年来的巅峰。因此，瑞士在欧洲国家中的投资排名也从2019年的第17名跃升到第14名。
“这个令人喜悦的发展主要归功于德国公司的投入增加。2020年德国公司在瑞士的投资项目几乎翻倍。”Michael Messerli,安永瑞士合伙人兼策略与交易部负责人人说到。美国公司在瑞士投资的排名位居第二。另一方面，来自英国投资者的兴趣似乎有所下降。来自瑞士邻国意大利的投资更是凤毛麟角。
瑞士主要在德国投资
2020年，瑞士公司在欧洲国家的投资项目是256个，和2019年的258个基本持平。然而，有一些稍许的变化：德国在投资重要性方面有所增加，在法国的项目数量大幅度下降，以至于德国替代了法国成为了去年最受瑞士公司欢迎的投资目的地。紧随其后的是西班牙和英国，各自约占瑞士对外投资项目的三分之一。
总体而言，专注审计和咨询业务的安永公司2020瑞士和欧洲外资投资的研究显示：外资投资下降的幅度比之前预计的要好许多。“2020春季，新冠疫情导致了全欧洲从一定程度上处于休克式的瘫痪状态、一系列紧缩的措施以及许多投资项目的临时暂停，”Michael Messerli总结到。“但是在许多地方，下半年经济开始启动并逐步恢复正常。在一些案例中，经济恢复得尤为迅猛，投资环境再一次改善。”
瑞士和欧洲的积极前景
外国公司仍然视欧洲为世界最有吸引力的长期投资地之一，这主要归功于欧洲相对稳定的政治和法律框架、高素质的劳动力、以及相对发达的交通、能源、通讯基础设施。总预算7500亿欧元、意图使欧洲更环保、更数字化、更能抵御危机的“欧盟下一代（NextGenerationEU）”成长计划对在欧洲投资也起到了一定的积极作用。然而，美国最近开始推行的经济刺激计划可能会导致一部分投资从欧洲转移到美国市场。
供应链需要重新调整
甚至在新冠疫情之前，由于日渐临近的英国脱欧、日益增加的贸易保护、地缘政治冲突等诸多挑战，导致了全球供应链的日益复杂化。新冠疫情加速暴露了欧洲依赖一部分供应链国家的弊端，医疗物资供应就是最好的例子。
André Bieri，安永瑞士和列支敦士登的合伙人及市场负责人，这样说到，“如今，零库存生产在许多行业已经成为标准化，但是依赖于长期稳定的供应。疫情初期国界的临时关闭，显示了这种供应模式并不总是可靠的。目前半导体芯片的短缺也显示了加强供应链是许多公司首当其冲要做的事，以减少对来自某些国家的成品和半成品的依赖。”
可持续性的投资才能继续获益
“在许多行业，疫情导致所谓的‘近岸业务’获得更多重视，”André Bieri说到。供应链的重新协调正在变成许多公司的核心话题，无论是通过减少对个人供应商、主要供应商国家的依赖，地区化的送货模式，邻近消费者，重新部署回国内市场，还是欧洲整体生产的增加。
他认为，公司新的焦点应聚焦在可靠性、可预测性，以及更重要的是，可持续性等方面。在后新冠疫情时期，可持续性因素在投资方面比起之前将扮演越来越重要的角色。基于可预期的法规要求和政治决策，从现在起所做的投资必须是气候友好的，否则投资不会得到收益。因此，瑞士一定要把自己定位成一个可持续性投资和贸易目的地，并且能够经常审视和调整其相应的框架环境。
关于本次调查
本次“安永欧洲吸引力调查”的统计范围仅包括产生了新的投资地点和新岗位的外资投资项目。投资组合以及并购投资，并未纳入考虑。另外，2021年4月安永还对550个国际活跃公司决策者进行了品质调查执行。这项调查由安永每年进行并公布的。
Original English Text
Sharp decline in foreign investment in Europe – Switzerland increases by 25%
Across Europe, the number of investment projects by foreign investors fell by 13% in 2020, but remains at a relatively high level compared to the long term.
Opposite development in Switzerland: The number of investment projects increased by 25% and reached its highest level since 2011.Thanks to stable conditions and good infrastructure, investors continue to consider Europe to be one of the world's most attractive regions for investments.
A total of 5,578 investment projects were announced by foreign investors throughout Europe in 2020, which was 13 percent less than in 2019 – there had not even been a slump of this magnitude in 2009 after the financial crisis. Against a background of significant restrictions on public and economic life due to Covid-19, however, an even sharper decline in investment activity had been expected.
Some medium-sized economies – such as Poland, Turkey, and Austria – were even able to attract more investment projects from foreign companies last year than in 2019. This opposite trend has been observed in Switzerland, too: The number of investment projects in Switzerland rose by 25% in 2020 and, with 91 projects, even reached its highest level since 2011. As a result, Switzerland achieved the 14th place among European countries (2019: 17th place).
"This pleasing development is primarily due to the increased commitment by German companies to us; the number of investment projects from German companies almost doubled in 2020," is the analysis of Michael Messerli, Partner and Head of Strategy & Transaction at EY in Switzerland. US companies remained in second place. On the other hand, interest from British investors appears to have fallen. "And it is noticeable that once again very few investments were seen in Switzerland from our neighboring country, Italy."
The Swiss mainly invested in Germany
With 256 investment projects, the commitment of Swiss companies to other European countries in 2020 was at the same level as in the previous year (258). However, there were certain shifts: Germany gained in importance as an investment destination, while the number of projects in France fell significantly – so that Germany replaced France as the most popular investment destination for Swiss companies last year. Spain and Great Britain follow with about one third of the investment projects each.
Overall, the current study by the auditing and consulting firm EY on foreign direct investment in Switzerland and Europe in 2020 shows that the decline in foreign investments was significantly lower than initially feared. "In the spring of 2020, the coronavirus pandemic led to a kind of shock paralysis throughout Europe, to massive austerity measures, and to a temporary halt to many investment projects," summarizes Michael Messerli. "But the economy had already gotten going again in the second half of the year in many places, and in some cases even did so surprisingly quickly, and the investment environment improved again."
Positive prospects for Switzerland and Europe
Foreign companies still see Europe as one of the world's most attractive regions for long-term investment – mainly thanks to a relatively stable political and regulatory framework, a highly qualified workforce, and a comparatively robust transport, energy, and telecommunications infrastructure. The (temporary) growth plan "NextGenerationEU," with a budget of 750 billion euros, which is intended to make Europe greener, more digital, and more crisis-proof, should also contribute to this. However, the USA stimulus programs that have been launched recently could lead to some investments being transferred from Europe to the US.
Supply chains need to be realigned
Even before Covid-19, challenges such as the then impending Brexit, increasing trade barriers, and more and more new geopolitical tensions had led to strains on increasingly complex global supply chains. The coronavirus pandemic then quickly demonstrated the dependence on a few supplying nations in, for example, the case of medical supplies.
André Bieri, Partner and Markets Leader Switzerland & Liechtenstein, says about this: "Just-in-time production, which is standard in many industries today, depends on constant and reliable supply. The temporary border closures in the wake of Covid-19 have shown that this supply chain model cannot work all of the time. The current shortage of semiconductor chips also shows that strengthening supply chains is at the top of the agenda of many companies in order to reduce dependence on products and intermediate products from certain countries."
Only sustainable investments will continue to pay off
"The pandemic has led to so-called near-shoring gaining in importance in a range of industries," says André Bieri. The realignment of supply chains is becoming a central issue for many companies – be it through less dependence on supply chains from individual, dominant countries of origin, regionally oriented delivery models, customer proximity and a relocation of activities back to the domestic market, or an increase in production in Europe in general.
He sees the new focus of the companies as being instead on reliability, predictability and, above all, sustainability. In the post-Covid-19 era, sustainability would play an even greater role in investments than before: The investments made from now on must be climate-neutral solely on the basis of the expected future regulatory requirements and political decisions, otherwise they will not pay off. Accordingly, Switzerland must also position itself as a sustainable investment and business location
Information on the Survey
For the "EY Europe Attractiveness Survey," investment projects by foreign investors in Europe, which lead to the creation of new locations and new positions, were recorded; portfolio and M&A investments, on the other hand, are not taken into account. In addition, a qualitative survey of 550 decision-makers at internationally active companies was conducted, which took place in March and April 2021. This study is carried out and published annually.
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