发布时间：2023-09-25
瑞士蝉联U.S. News“最佳国家”榜首
导读
在《美国新闻与世界报道》（U.S. News & World Report）2023年的年度最佳国家排名（Best Countries Rankings）中，瑞士蝉联榜首，美国五年来首次下滑。这是瑞士这个中欧国家连续第二年排名第一，也是第六次排名第一。《美国新闻与世界报道》是与《时代》和《新闻周刊》齐名的新闻杂志，以每年对美国大学的调查报告及排名而广为人知。
本文由雷梭勒家族办公室根据《美国新闻与世界报道》文章内容编译，版权归原作者所有。
在《美国新闻与世界报道》2023年9月6日发布的最新一期分析报告中，瑞士位于年度最佳国家榜首，紧随这个内陆国家之后的是加拿大（第2位）、瑞典（第3位）、澳大利亚（第4位）和美国（第5位），美国的排名比2022年下降了一位。
在2003年前25强排名中，欧洲国家为多数，占据16个席位。在这些领先国家中，德国的排名下降幅度最大，比2022年下降了5位，而澳大利亚和新西兰的排名上升幅度最大，同比均上升了3位。
中东唯一进入前25名的国家是阿拉伯联合酋长国（第19位），而亚洲的代表则是日本（第6位）、新加坡（第16位）、中国（第20位）和韩国（第21位）。
世界前十佳国家
1.瑞士
2.加拿大
3.瑞典
4.澳大利亚
5.美国
6.日本
7.德国
8.新西兰
9.英国
10.荷兰
关于《美国新闻》的最佳国家排名
《美国新闻》的最佳国家排名和分析是与全球营销传播公司WPP和宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院合作完成的。该项目基于一项全球调研，被调研者达17,000多人，分布在36个国家，他们需要将不同国家与特定属性相联系并进行排序，这些属性包括“充满活力”、“安全”、“领导者”、“关心人权”、“经济稳定”、“致力于社会公正”等。今年的调研共包含73个属性，涉及87个国家。塞浦路斯、洪都拉斯和津巴布韦在达到基准标准后，在该项目历史上首次被纳入排名。萨尔瓦多在2022年跌出榜单后再次上榜。
在此次排名项目中，《美国新闻》及其合作伙伴探讨了瑞士的持久受欢迎程度、人们对新西兰和澳大利亚看法的转变、美国的品牌力量，以及国际社会对构成全球威胁的国家的看法。
榜首国家——瑞士
自2017年以来，瑞士几乎每年都排名第一。今年，瑞士在“最佳国家”综合排名的 10个分榜中，每个都进入了前25名，并在其中半数的分榜中位列前10，在三个权重最高的分榜中更是表现卓著：创业精神（第6位）、生活质量（第6位）和社会目的（第8位）。瑞士在文化影响力方面也获得了很高的评级（第8位），并在商业开放度分榜中位列第一。
美国
美国在2019至2022年之间稳步从第8位攀升到第4位，而在今年的榜单中下滑到了第5位。美国在多个分榜中位列或接近榜首，排名第1的包括创业精神、综合实力和灵敏性，而文化影响力则排名第3。
榜单前/后半部分国家变化
位列最佳国家总榜单前半部分的国家与去年相比排名相对稳定。除德国（下降5位）、南非（下降4位）和捷克共和国（下降4位）外，前50位的国家与2022年的排名都相差不超过3位。
榜单上靠后的一些国家的排名则有更为明显的变化，中东有许多国家排名上升。其中，阿曼同比上升了13位，排名第65位，是2022年至2023年排名上升幅度最大的国家。在2019年至2022年期间，阿曼的排名下降了15位，当前排名的急剧攀升与之前相比形成了大逆转。
中东国家
阿曼以外交和中立著称，长期充当地区调解人，最近被法国《世界报》称为“中东和平的谨慎设计师”。伦敦国王学院副教授戴维·罗伯茨（David Roberts）对海湾君主国颇有研究，他说：“许多人称阿曼为‘中东的瑞士’”。“长期以来，阿曼一直以中立国自居，”罗伯茨说。“它相当温和，它不想惹麻烦。”
巴林是波斯湾地区的另一个君主制国家，在2022年至2023年间，其排名增幅位居第二，同比上升了9位。罗伯茨指出，除了在金融领域的强大地位外，巴林在体育领域也拥有重要的软实力，每年都会举办一级方程式大奖汽车比赛。
南美洲、亚洲和非洲国家
南美洲也出现了一些明显的变化，哥伦比亚（第60位）下降了8位，乌拉圭（第57位）上升了8位。
非洲和亚洲的排名相对稳定，没有一个国家的排名较上年变动超过4位。然而，近年来饱受种族灭绝行动和其他暴力事件困扰的缅甸，自2021年以来的排名变动幅度超过了所有其他国家，在短短两年内下降了22位。
欧洲国家
有几个欧洲国家的排名同比降幅明显。拉脱维亚的降幅最为明显，下降了8位，排名第72位。丹麦和法国都下降了3位，退出了前10。德国从第2位下滑至第7位。
乌克兰在2022年上升9位后，在2023年又下降了6位，排名第68位。乌克兰的三个地区盟国（立陶宛、波兰和罗马尼亚）排名也较去年下降，不过这三个国家的排名仍高于俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之前。
俄罗斯的排名则继续下滑，去年创下了该项目历史上最大跌幅之一（下降12位），今年又下滑一位至第37位。俄罗斯的三个盟国（白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦）排名在2021年至2022年间大幅下降，之后也未见明显回升，在近90个排名国家中仍处于最后五位。
新闻来源：https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/us-news-unveils-best-countries-rankings
Original English Text
Switzerland Is No. 1 in 2023 U.S. News Best Countries Rankings
The nation retained its top ranking while the United States slipped for the first time in five years.
Switzerland has retained its top spot in U.S. News & World Report’s annual Best Countries rankings, marking the second year in a row and the sixth time overall the central European nation has placed No.1. The small, landlocked country is followed by Canada (No.2), Sweden (No.3), Australia (No.4) and the United States (No.5) – which is down a spot from 2022 – in the latest edition of the analysis, released Wednesday.
European countries made up the majority of the top 25, holding 16 spots in the 2023 rankings. Germany saw the largest fall among these leading nations, down five spots since 2022, while Australia and New Zealand saw the largest increases, both up three spots year over year.
The only country in the Middle East to make the top 25 was theUnited Arab Emirates, while Asia was represented by Japan, Singapore, China and South Korea.
These Are the 10 Best Countries in the World, According to U.S. News & World Report:
1.Switzerland
2.Canada
3.Sweden
4.Australia
5.United States
6.Japan
7.Germany
8.New Zealand
9.United Kingdom
10.Netherlands
The Best Countries rankings and analysis from U.S. News are formed in partnership with global marketing communications company WPP and theWharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. The project is based on a global survey in which more than 17,000 people across 36 nations associated various countries with specific attributes, ranging from “dynamic,” “safe” and “a leader” to “cares about human rights,” “economically stable” and “committed to social justice.” The survey this year contained 73 attributes in total and encompassed 87 countries. Cyprus, Honduras and Zimbabwe were included in the rankings for the first time in the project’s history after meeting benchmark criteria. El Salvador rejoined the list after dropping off in 2022.
As part of the rankings package, U.S. News and its partners explored Switzerland’s enduring popularity, shifting perceptions of New Zealand and Australia, America’s brand power and global opinions about countries that pose a global threat.
Switzerland has ranked No. 1 nearly every year since 2017. This year, the country landed in the top 25 for each of the 10 subrankings that inform the overall Best Countries rankings, and in the top 10 for half of them. This includes notable performances in three of the heaviest-weighted subrankings: entrepreneurship (No. 6), quality of life (No. 6) and social purpose (No. 8). Switzerland also rated highly for cultural influence (No. 8), and topped the list at No. 1 in the open for business subranking.
The U.S. moved down a spot in the rankings, landing at No. 5 after steadily climbing from No. 8 to No. 4 between 2019 and 2022. The United States was at or near the top in several subrankings, coming in at No. 1 for entrepreneurship,power and agility, and No. 3 for cultural influence.
The top half of the overall Best Countries list was relatively stable year over year. With the exception of Germany (-5), South Africa (-4) and the Czech Republic (-4), all countries in the top 50 stayed within three spots of their 2022 rankings.
More notable shifts occurred for some countries further down the list, with many in the Middle East climbing up the ranks. Oman, for example, rose 13 spots year over year to reach No. 65 – the largest increase of any country between 2022 and 2023. Between 2019 and 2022, Oman fell 15 spots, making its steep climb back up a notable reversal.
Oman, which has a reputation for diplomacy and neutrality, has long acted as a regional mediatorand was recently described as a “discreet architect of peace in the Middle East” by French newspaper Le Monde. Many have called the country “the Switzerland of the Middle East,” says David Roberts, an associate professor at King's College London with expertise in the Gulf monarchies.
“Oman has long cultivated its reputation as a neutral state,” Roberts says. “It’s quite mild-mannered. It doesn’t want to cause trouble."
Bahrain, another monarchy in the Persian Gulf, saw the second-largest increase between 2022 and 2023, up nine spots year over year. Outside of its strong standing in finance, Roberts notes Bahrain also has significant soft power when it comes to sports, hosting the annual Formula One Grand Prix auto race.
South America also saw some notable shifts, with Colombia (No. 60) dipping eight spots, and Uruguay (No. 57) climbing eight spots. Africa and Asia both remained relatively stable in the rankings, with no countries on those continents shifting more than four spots year over year. However, Myanmar – plagued by acts of genocide and other violence in recent years – has moved more than any other country since 2021, declining 22 spots in just two years.
Several European countries had noticeable year-over-year declines. Latvia saw the most noticeable drop, down eight spots to No. 72. Denmark and France both fell three spots, leaving the top 10. Germany slipped from No. 2 to No. 7.
After Ukraine’s move up nine positions in 2022, it moved back down six positions in 2023, landing at No. 68. Three of Ukraine’s regional allies –Lithuania, Poland and Romania – also saw their rankings fall year over year, though all three countries still sit higher than they did prior to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
For its part,Russia continued its drop in the rankings, slipping one spot to No. 37 after seeing one of the largest drops (-12) in the project’s history last year. Three of Russia’s allies – Belarus, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan – saw their rankings fall significantly between 2021 and 2022 and have not notably recovered, as they remain in the bottom five of the nearly 90 countries ranked.
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